Growing Cactus

Photo by Rebecca Owens

By Debbie Roland, Master Gardener

Growing Cacti in West Texas is an endeavor well-suited to our climate, abundant sunshine and terrain.   The Permian Basin provides an ideal environment for both native and non-native cactus species to thrive.  Understanding the local climate, soil conditions and care techniques is key to successful cactus cultivation.

This region is characterized by hot summers, mild winters (usually), low humidity and minimal rainfall – conditions that mimic the natural habitats of many cactus species.  The semi-arid to arid climate allows cacti to grow with minimal supplemental irrigation, making them excellent choices for xeriscaping or low-maintenance gardening.  Most cacti prefer full sun and good air circulation, both of which are abundant in our area. 

Several species of cactus are native to West Texas, including the prickly pear (Opuntia spp.), claret cup (Echinocereus spp.) and fishhook barrel cactus (Ferocactus wislizxeni).  These natives are well-adapted and require little intervention to thrive.   For those looking to diversity, other desert-adapted cacti like golden barrel (Echinocactus grusonii), cholla (Cylindropuntia spp.) and agave (though technically not cacti) can be introduced with care.

Proper soil is essential for cactus health.  They require excellent drainage and our soil requires few amendments.  Adding coarse sand, perlite or small gravel can help promote drainage if your soil is clay.  Raised beds will keep water from pooling around the roots.

In containers use a commercial cactus mix or create your own using two parts sand or perlite, one part potting soil and one part compost.  Avoid peat moss which retains water and can lead to rot.

Though drought tolerant, cacti are not completely maintenance free.  During the growing season (spring through early fall), water deeply but infrequently about once every two weeks, depending on rainfall and temperature.  In winter, most cacti enter dormancy and require little to no water.  Avoid overwatering as this is the leading cause of cactus failure.  Always let the soil dry completely between waterings.  Fertilize once or twice a year with a low-nitrogen, slow-release fertilizer formulated for succulents.

The pictures below are cactus that my daughter is growing in her yard locally.  This is their second year and the first time they have bloomed.  I’m not a cactus person but I have to admit that hers are quite beautiful.  When Master Gardeners talk to the public about switching to xeriscaping in their yard, we will occasionally get a comment like “I don’t want rock and cactus only in my yard.”  Cactus are xeriscape, but xeriscape is much more than that and using colorful native plants makes your yard beautiful, low-maintenance and can reduce your water bill.

If you have questions, call the AgriLife office in Odessa at 498-4071 or in Midland at 686-4700.   Additional information, and our blog for access to past articles, is available at westtexasgardening.org.  Click on “Resources.”

Photo by Rebecca Owens